Essay for college students: 2020

Tuesday, September 15, 2020

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Friday, September 11, 2020

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Wednesday, September 2, 2020

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Friday, August 28, 2020

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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

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Tuesday, June 2, 2020

The Causes and Possible Solutions to Extreme Poverty - Free Essay Example

Although there is no one answer to ending poverty, there are steps that can be taken in hopes that extreme poverty in third world countries will one day be eradicated. The dictionary definition of poverty is the state of being extremely poor. But being poor can have completely different meanings depending where you are in the world. Every country has its own poverty line, but as of right now the worldwide poverty line for developing and third world countries is set at $1.90 per day. This monetary value of course holds a different value in every country, but the overall idea remains the same; poverty is severe. In 2018 you are considered poor in the United States if you make less than $12,140 a year for a one person household. This really puts poverty into perspective when there are whole families in developing countries making less than $1000 per year. When studying poverty its important to know where poverty is the most prevalent. India currently holds the number one position for world poverty at 21%. This number doesnt sound too high until you consider the fact that India has the 2nd largest population in the world, meaning that the 21% is almost 300 million people. Other countries in the top 10 include Nigeria, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and China. All of the countries listed are also included in the top 10 most populated countries in the world. Of course it would make sense that countries with a higher population would have a higher number of people in poverty than sparsely populated countries, but not all citizen-packed areas find themselves in this situation. Russia, the United States, and Japan, all of which are in the top 10 most populated countries, all present relatively low poverty rates. But this could be due to the laser focus directed on this subject by the countries leaders, often used as a bragging right of sorts. Despit e these few outliers, the fact cant be denied that our world has an issue looming over us. The world poverty clock, a gauge showing world poverty in real time, currently shows that 8% of the world currently lives in extreme poverty- about 631 million people. That seems like a number that shouldnt be ignored. There is a diverse range of causes for poverty, and its easy to write it off as an effect of poor spending habits or lack of money management on an individuals part. In reality, hundreds of millions of people find themselves completely helpless against the oppressor that is extreme poverty. Of course there are cases where an individual has lost their own money, whether it be through addiction or spending their income frivolously, but these instances are much more common in highly developed countries like our own. In countries of extreme poverty, a majority of the population lives only on enough money to survive. One common cause of this is a lack of natural resources. Without cash crops to sell, a country can not run even the most traditional economy. In developed countries, the government would be working to channel wealth to its citizens. But in countries where they lack even the most basic forms of technology, the government is either corrupt or completely void of any operation at all. This makes it virtually impossible for individuals to climb the social/financial ladder when the country is entirely absent of any sort of structure, political or otherwise. The process of pulling a countrys people out of extreme and total impoverishment would require a strong approach. Because our country is a highly developed one, developmental aid is something commonly discussed when studying the war on poverty. This is when richer countries give money or support to poorer countries in the hopes that it will boost their economy and fuel widespread development. Like most solutions, there are good and bad sides to developmental aid. When looked at positively, it seems like a universal truth that those who have an excess should give to those who have a shortage. It is our duty as a wealthy country to give to those who are not as fortunate as we are. As we know, we live in a world where money and resources are required to get you anywhere in life, so it makes sense that we would give that to the countries that need a push to get rolling. Developmental aid provides relief and assistance to countries where the resources are stretched thin. With outside help, third world countries are given the opportunity to receive assistance in areas where they could not help themsel ves. Whether it be financial, material, or structural aid, anything is appreciated in countries where they have next to nothing. Despite our efforts to help, there are instances where developmental aid becomes detrimental to a country in the long run. There are times where outside countries get too involved, usually in the form of structural aid. Say a country sends agencies to a small country with the goal to reform the education system and start up new schools. This gesture is of course helpful and provides education for those who otherwise wouldnt have it, but soon more schools are run by foreign agencies than the countrys government. By solving one issue we have created another- in this case an opportunity for the government to grow has been stamped out. The immediate intentions of the mission were fulfilled, but the country was never pushed to strive for independent growth. A child puts training wheels on their bike while they learn to ride, but if they are never taken off the child will never know if they can ride on their own. This same idea applies to developmental aid in the form of of political and structural support.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Democracy in America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 551 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Democracy Essay Did you like this example? In todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s world, there are three types of democracy: majoritarian, pluralist, and elitist. Throughout our countryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s history including today, the American people discuss and debate the type of democracy America adheres to and what type of government we should be using. In majoritarian democracy, the law or solution that the majority of citizens want is the taken course of action. DonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Democracy in America" essay for you Create order In pluralistic democracy, different lobbies or interest groups look to influence political decisions. In elitist democracy, power is secretly held by a select group of powerful groups or individuals. None of these systems are impervious to a breakdown of the systemÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s function. Majoritarian and pluralist democracies share the goal of a fair government for the American person. Still, these two systems function very differently. Majoritarian systems gain power from the most popular opinion. This can lead to issues relating to treatment of minorities, especially when the minority decision or opinion is held by almost half of people. Pluralistic democracies can run into similar issues because of the nature of lobbying. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, the year of our last presidential election had $3.16 billion dollars in lobby spending. Groups that cannot raise enough money or a sizable campaign have a significantly slimmer chance of having their voices heard. This especially comes into play when foreign countries are involved. The Center for Responsive Politics also reported that foreign countries spent over $650 million dollars in American political lobbies. Majoritarian and pluralist models also respond to social change at different rates. Pluralistic democracy allows for well-funded groups to organize large public protests such as the WomensÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ March or Black Lives Matter marches. In majoritarian democracy, more grassroots activism seen on social media can more rapidly allow for change. This happened recently, with National Voter Registration Day yielding 800,000 voter registration after the widespread galvanization of the American people for issues such as climate change, womensÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ rights, and immigration. Majoritarian and pluralist models start to adopt elitist tendencies when the country strays from its ideals. When political bodies start searching for monetary gain, pluralistic systems evolve into elitist governments where the richest or most powerful people or organizations, even those affiliated with foreign bodies, can be the primary shapers of American politics. This is seen when President TrumpÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s campaign was shown to have significant assistance from Russian officials. Still, as long as there is a sizable, active movement for political transparency or justice, steps can be taken to limit the scope of this kind of elite. In majoritarian systems, a political elite can be established when citizens become complicit and donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t vote. This allows incumbent politicians to remain in office either officially or unofficially and have almost uncontested power. This is seen today with the American peopleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s distaste for their representatives or president. This can be combatted with increased accessibility and stronger public desire to vote. Elitist systems operate in a way that can be compared to pluralistic democracy, but does not operate with the same goal as either type of democracy. An elitist system is a dysfunctional democracy. A Ã¢â‚¬Å"majorityÃ¢â‚¬ in an elitist democracy is a stronger financial or political hold on whoever is making or enforcing the law. Unlike either of the other two systems, an elitist system oppresses the majority of a countryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s citizens.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay Comparing The Tempest and King Lear - 1338 Words

Comparing The Tempest and King Lear This essay will focus on the similarities and differences of the plays The Tempest and King Lear in general, as well as looking at comparisons of Prospero and Lear in somewhat more detail. Prospero and Lear are, without a doubt, the two most compelling mature figures in Shakespeare. In a way, one is the flip side, so to speak, of the other. Each represents an aging mans relationship to family, environment, and, most importantly, himself. One might even be so bold as to venture that had Lear lived, he might, through the enormity of his painful transformation, have become a character much like Prospero, a man who has learned bitter lessons from his intercourse with the world and hasÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Lear, likewise, is the victim of a tempest, also a turning point in the plot, as well as a powerful force in his own agonizing journey through growth and self-discovery. In a way, Lears tempest is more significant in that it represents the Hegelian dialectic of thesis, antithesis, synthesis; out of Lears agonizing conflict with nature and his subsequent madness comes a new and better man, a man cleansed, literally and figuratively, by the raging water of the stor m. It is interesting to note the main difference between the roles played by Lear and Prospero in their respective interactions with the storm: Lear is the victim of the maelstrom, Prospero the creator. Each character is defined to a certain extent by this relationship to natures wrath, one experiencing it as a kind of chastisement, the other utilizing it to further his own ends. Lear rages against the storm, shouting, You sulphrous and thought-executing fires,/ Vaunt-couriers of oak-cleaving thunderbolts,/ Singe my white head! And thou all-shaking thunder,/ Strike flat the thick rotundity othworld! (III.II.4-7). Compare this with Mirandas request that If by your art, my dearest father, you have/ Put the wild waters in this roar, allay them. (I.I.1-2). The bond between father and daughter in each play, while seemingly incidental, mustShow MoreRelatedChaos in King Lear - as Reflec Essays981 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagessupernatural anomalies and animal imageries. In King Lear, these devices are used to communicate the plot, which is summarized by Gloucester as: #8230;This villain of mine comes under the prediction: there#8217;s son against father. The King falls from bias of nature: there#8217;s father against child. (Act 1, Sc.1, 115 - 118) The #8220;bias of nature#8221; is defined as the natural inclination of the world. Throughout the play King Lear, the unnatural inclination of nature, supernaturalRead MoreKing Lear By William Shakespeare1612 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesoverarching theme that surrounds King Lear by William Shakespeare is justice to nearly all. The play opens in a royal Ã¢â‚¬Å"court,Ã¢â‚¬ but this court is unjust with wicked people such as King Lear, Goneril, Regan, Duke of Gloucester, Edmund, and numerous others. The justice does not come in this literal court, but the figurative court of nature. Stunningly reprimanded by two of his three daughters, along with the natural tempest that causes him to be enveloped by insanity King Lear is punished. Goneril and ReganRead More A Comparison of Romantic Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night1505 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesRomantic Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night In all of Shakespeares plays, there is a definitive style present, a style he perfected. From his very first play (The Comedy of Errors) to his very last (The Tempest), he uses unique symbolism and descriptive poetry to express and explain the actions and events he writes about. Twelfth Night, The Tempest and A Midsummer Nights Dream are all tragicomedies that epitomise the best use of the themes and ideologyRead MoreEssay on Lessons in King Lear by William Shakespeare3489 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 14 PagesLessons in King Lear by William Shakespeare Satisfying, hopeful, and redemptive: some critics would say that these adjectives belong nowhere near a description of King Lear. One critic, Thomas Roche, even states that the playÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ending is Ã¢â‚¬Å"as bleak and unrewarding as man can reach outside the gates of hellÃ¢â‚¬ (164). Certainly, RocheÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s pessimistic interpretation has merit; after all, Lear has seen nearly everyone he once cared for die before dying himself. Although this aspect of the play is trueRead MoreIs King Lear Nihilistic or Hopeful?3440 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 14 PagesIs King Lear nihilistic or hopeful? Satisfying, hopeful, and redemptive: some critics would say that these adjectives belong nowhere near a description of King Lear.Ã‚ Ã‚ One critic, Thomas Roche, even states that the playÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ending is Ã¢â‚¬Å"as bleak and unrewarding as man can reach outside the gates of hellÃ¢â‚¬ (164). Certainly, RocheÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s pessimistic interpretation has merit; after all, Lear has seen nearly everyone he once cared for die before dying himself.Ã‚ Ã‚ Although this aspect of the play is true, agreeingRead More The Existential Progression of King Lear Essay3680 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 15 PagesThe Existential Progression of King Lear The human condition is the scrutiny of art, Prince Hamlet notes the purpose of art is to hold the mirror against nature. King Lear is a masterful inquiry into the human condition. King Lear is confronted with existence in its barest sense and is forced to adapt to that existence. His adaptation to the absurd provides an invaluable insight for all into the universal problem of existence. Lear is forced into an existential progression that will be tracedRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s The Tempest 2603 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 11 PagesOne of the most influential plays written by Shakespeare is not one listed above. The play that reflects the life and all of Shakespeare?s plays is The Tempest. This work was and still is influential in both America, Britain and around the world. Although William Shakespeare was an influential writer in American and British literature, The Tempest reaches beyond a comparison to the new world- America and points to an autobiographical drama that is a reflectio n of the life of Shakespeare and hisRead More Imagery in The Tempest, by William Shakespeare Essay3748 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 15 Pages Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ William Shakespeares play The Tempest utilizes extensive imagery which goes beyond merely creating atmosphere and background or emphasizing the major themes of the play. The supernatural plays a considerable role in the play, thus so does the use of imagery, which is more extensive and somewhat different from many other of Shakespeares works. The imagery is used as a mediator of supernatural powers, to emphasize the natural scene of action, and establish the enchanted island whichRead MoreFemale Sexuality in Shakespeare4830 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 20 PagesQuestion Compare and contrast the representation of female sexuality in Cymbeline, the Sonnets, and one of the plays: A Midsummer NightÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Dream, Richard II, Hamlet, Antony and Cleopatra, Measure for Measure or King Lear. Ã‚ Ã‚ Both Cymbeline and A Midsummer NightÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s DreamÃ‚ (AMND)Ã‚ are both set in a patriarchal environment where both genders grapple for control. Valerie Traub defines the distinction between gender sex and gender behavior as Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sex refers to the . . . biological distinctions between

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Primary Health Care Nurses Group Discussion

Question: Describe about the Primary Health Care Nurses Group Discussion. Answer: Primary health care is a dimension in the provision of health care services which focuses on health promotion through a collaboration between health professionals, the community as well as other stakeholders that have a role in improving health (MacDonald J.J.2013). Its an approach to health that focusses on a wider perspective other than just curative medicine. This discussion emphasizes on school health nurses as primary health practitioners. A school health nurse is a professional who unites the roles of public health and health promotion professionals with those of primary care providers in achieving optimum children health and education (Baisch et al 2011). Guzys et al (2013) explain that school nurses apply their expertise in child nursing to the school setup in providing diagnosis and evaluation of childrens health and in providing first aid for minor conditions. In New Zealand for instance, these nurses play a major role in schools in preventing rheumatic fever, a disease resulting from throat infection by streptococcus (litmus Ltd 2013). The nurses can also diagnose developmental milestones that can pose a challenge to a child ability to learn, an example of hearing and vision. Just like in any other country, New Zealand reaps benefits from school nurses as far as school health is concerned. The nurses play a role in the prevention of rheumatic fever among children whose prevalence is about 17.2 per hundred thousand (litmus Ltd 2013). Among children with disabilities, school nurses work with teachers and caregivers in providing the best care for the child, improving their overall health. According to Wallis Smith (2008), sometimes its the nurse that detects the disabilities giving room for treatment hence better chances of recovering. A school nurse after identifying such a child plays the role of ensuring they lead an independent life and participate fully in the educational experience. School nurse roles revolve around health promotion for the entire school community. As part of this, the nurse provides tertiary prevention for children with chronic health conditions. They do this by giving them the required support in readjusting to the school environment with a purpose of ensuring their academic success and entire well-being. In high schools, the role of school nurses focuses on social and emotional needs most being adolescence, poor parental relationships and any issue affecting students mental health. (Weist et al 2012). School nurses as well provide support to children in terms of diet, behaviors, coping with stress and home related issues. School nurses enhance community health through record keeping. According to Baisch et al (2011), this is essential in proper information dissemination to other healthcare providers especially in cases of allergies or another medical history that affects how a childs health is handled outside the school. In addition, these nurses identify disparities that would have an impact on the health of a student and help deal with them where possible. To summarize, school nurses are an essential element in health promotion. Their positive impact is felt by students, staff, caregivers and the community at large. Appreciating their role in education, health and wellbeing can only be done by providing them with the resources necessary to do their work effectively. References: Baisch, M. J., Lundeen, S. P., Murphy, M. K. (2011). EvidenceÃ‚ Based Research on the Value of School Nurses in an Urban School System. Journal of School Health, 81(2), 74-80. Guzys, D., Kenny, A., Bish, M. (2013). Sustaining secondary school nursing practice in Australia: A qualitative study. Nursing health sciences, 15(3), 353-359. Litmus Ltd, (2013). Implementation and formative evaluation of the rheumatic fever prevention program. final report. Litmus Ltd, Wellington. Macdonald, J. J. (2013). Primary health care: medicine in its place. Routledge. Wallis, K. E., Smith, S. M. (2008). School health developmental screening in pediatric primary care: the role of nurses. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 13(2), 130-134. Zarb, P., Coignard, B., Griskeviciene, J., Muller, A., Vankerckhoven, V., Weist, K., ... Monnet, D. L. (2012). A the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) pilot point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use. Euro Surveill, 17(46), 20316.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

The Nature of the Self in Indian and Chinese Philosophy

While deliberating on the concept and the nature of the Self, specific attention should be given to the Indian and Chinese philosophy. These philosophical schools focus on considering the material and spiritual dimensions in characterizing the individual and explaining his/her life purposes and missions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Nature of the Self in Indian and Chinese Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At this point, such Indian schools of thoughts as Advaita Vedanta, Samkhya-Yoga theory, and Buddhism represents a dualistic confrontation between Atman (the Self) and Brahman (Whole) as the guiding powers in the Universe. The Confucianism theory that is more focused on the quality of an individual and its place in the world, but with no reference to the above-described concepts of the One and the Whole. According to the supporters of Advaita Vedanta, Atman, or the soul of the individual should be identified with Brahman. However, it does not constitute a part of Brahman that dissolves in it. Rather, it is entire Brahman itself. Therefore, the challenge of distinguishing between Atman, a soul limited to a physical body, and Brahman, embodying the entire world. In fact, the school of thought argues that the Self should not be confused with individuality or personal identity, but with the one and the unique. In this respect, self-identification correlates with the presence of immutable consciousness and, therefore, Atman can be presented as a variety of its modifications; it is free from merits and sins. Atman enclosed in a body is often regarded as a living being with senses and feelings. Unlike Advaita Vedenta, Samkhya-Yoga theory withdraws the assumptions that the self is embodied in the concept of Atman, which is identical to all-encompassing Brahman. On the contrary, the school of though is more concerned with the individual as an autonomous being and, therefore, there is a clear distinction between the self and the whole. Despite the distinction, the theory also relies on the spiritual representation of the world as its primary nature. The dualism of the philosophy is based on the concept of Purusha, the objective universe, and Prakriti, it material substance. All these dimensions are indispensible to maintaining the equilibrium. The philosophical views represented by the Buddhist supporters are congruent with the Advaita Vedanta school of thought. Specifically, Buddhism identifies self is a constant cycle of rebirth that is carried out through a sequence of life forms. Therefore, the theory withdraws the concept of self and argues that it personifies an eternal soul. Therefore the self and the universe are closely connected by the dynamic process of changes through reincarnation. In addition,Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, the Confucian ism stream is more concerned with the cultivation of the self that is possible through achieving the highest potential while being a human. Therefore, the focus is made on lifetime of a person rather than in the afterlife period. The philosophical vision of Confucian schools is closely connected with understanding moral, ethical and social dimensions of social life including the basic human activities, such as action, sight, hearing, listening, and speaking. At this point, the centre of the Confucian philosophy is human, but not the universe. Its main theoretical basic heavily relies on spirituality cultivated within a person, but not outside it. Unlike the above presented Indian philosophical trends, this branch studies an individual with regard to its actions, deeps, and moral behavior that have been shaped during his/her life. This essay on The Nature of the Self in Indian and Chinese Philosophy was written and submitted by user Camryn Campos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday, March 14, 2020

mnemonic devices essays

mnemonic devices essays When talking about memory in this chapter, metacognition and metamemory are introduced. Metacognition is our awareness of and knowledge about our own cognitive system. In other words, this is referred to as knowing about knowing. Metamemroy is the knowldege about ones own memory system; also known as knowing how to know. Ones metamemroy process includes the awareness that you must get things into the memory by performing some intentional acitivity. This intentional mental acitivity is known as rehearsal. Mnemonic means to help the memory. As the textbook states, a mnemonic device is an active, strategic kind of learning device or method, otherwise known as a rehearsal strategy. Each mnemonic device is either formal, meaning you learn the mnemonic scheme and then apply it, or informal, which is when you invent the scheme yourself. Informal devices are characterized by three principles: 1) the material being learned is structured and integrated into a preexisting memory framework. 2) The material to be remembered must be practiced. 3) The mnemonic device provides a plan or scheme for retrieving information. Mnemonic devices provide an easier way to remember information. People use them to remember specific items in a shorter, quicker way than memorizing the entire concept. There are two types of mnemonic devies in which the book discuesses. The first one is the method of loci. Two active ingredients are invloed in this method; the first being the memorized physical locations and the second being the mental images of the to-be-remembered items. An example of this would be the grocery list that we did in class. It worked very well because each grocery item that we associated with locations was easty to remember. The other is the peg-word mnemonic device. This is where a prememorized set of words serves as a s ...

Thursday, February 27, 2020

Communication and motivation skills related to coaching Essay

Communication and motivation skills related to coaching - Essay Example In the ordinary and natural sense or aspect, visionary and pragmatic leaders play a vital role in the aspect and sphere of coaching. This is to since they ought to be alive to the fact that the direct outcome of the coaching process would be dependent on the ability of the leaders or the coach to relate properly with the other participants of the team. Thus in order to effectively develop and construct an effective coaching and motivation pattern, the coach ought to adhere to the coaching philosophy in the absolute context so as to best place him or her for the task at hand. To begin with, it would be incumbent and prudent on the part of the coach to delineate three basic philosophical perspectives and internalize them accordingly. They include, the coach ought to know his or her strengths, weaknesses and areas or regions which would require that the coach improves or changes. Secondly, is the circumstance or aspect which requires the coach to understand and contextualize the challenges that the coach may face in the course of discharging his or her mandate (Palmer & Whybrow, 2014). Lastly, it is critical to the coach to understand his or her subjects, athletes or players in terms of their goals, natural abilities, personalities, strengths or weaknesses. Intuitively, it demands that a person knows his or her weaknesses and then focusing on the positives or the strengths so as to allow the coach to perform effectively. In the rhetoric sense and sphere, it would be imprudent for a coach for instance to know whether he or she is a good orator? Motivator? Charismatic? Or possesses any positive skill which may influence the players and the general outcome of the team in the positive way. Similarly, by understanding the challenges or likely barriers which may face a coach during the discharge of responsibility equips

Monday, February 10, 2020

Politica Science - society and state in contemporary russia Essay

Politica Science - society and state in contemporary russia - Essay Example A democracy can broadly be defined as a government that has been set up by the people which essentially means that all people living under that government should be entitled to have their opinion considered in everything that affects their lives. Furthermore, democracy can also be exercised directly or indirectly through which people elect their representatives. In light of this, it is absurd that two decades down the line despite the dissolution of USSR president Yeltsin failed to horn our promise to better democracy and improve the lives of Russian citizens. This just proves that Russia is still categorized as one of the authoritarian states in Europe. As much as most of the leaders have improved the countryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s economic status both domestic and international policies it is believed that from the essays Ã¢â‚¬Å"not freeÃ¢â‚¬ a lot of factors have hindered RussiaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s democracy development (Motyl 2005). For the first time power within Kremlin changed through the 2000, elec tion this process not only took place but was conducted according to the constitution more than two thirds of the eligible voters participated. They appeared to be well informed of choices to make. However, up to now Russian political conditions do not meet the criteria of democracy; a political framework must be adopted to understand democracy adequately (Chomsky, et al 2003). Some political analysts such as Joseph Schumpeter describes democracy as an institutional arrangement for arriving at a political decision that help politicians in the acquisition of the power necessary for them to decide by way of their struggling to obtain votes from the citizens (Josephi 2010). Basically his definition may suggest that countries only differ in the degree to which institutional conditions are satisfied. Perhaps that is the reason why president Yeltsin ascended to power and failed to live up to his promises. Most Russians still point out that with the rioting on October 2nd the liberal regim e suppressed the angry communists. After a time period of approximately ten years since 23 Russian citizens lost their lives, the Russian government is still expounding on the myth that the crackdown was just to topple Mr. Yeltsin political opponents (Lucas 2009). This left many with the view that Mr. Yeltsin is a democratic hypocrite who never had the peopleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s interests at heart. All he had was his own vested interests. From that moment, descending from power without going to prison for him was inevitable; perhaps that is why he saw in an inherited presidency system as a scapegoat; perhaps that is why he ensured Mr. Vladimir Putin came to power (Marot 2012). When United Russia party chanced to win a working majority in the 2003 Russian Parliamentary elections, the Russian president Putin was seen to set out and attempt to critically undercut most of the opposition parties that were active in the country. He instigated changes in various electoral policies that allowed the go vernment to effectively manage to shut out a variety of the smaller political parties focusing mainly on those that had been perceived as being key advocates of liberal democracy. Other changes that were made caused it to become extremely difficult for parties to manage to field presidential candidates in a presidential ballot (Ethridge and Handelman 2012). Following the unexpected resignation of President Boris Yeltsin in 2000 Vladimir was assigned to

Friday, January 31, 2020

Full Day Kindergarten Essay Example for Free

Full Day Kindergarten Essay Full day kindergarten should be mandatory and of no extra cost for all of the elementary schools. This will boost the childrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s academic achievement. The children that are exposed to full day kindergarten will learn more in literacy and mathematics than those in half-day kindergarten. The students that are in a full day program get to spend more time on their math, writing, and reading activities. The full day students also get the advantage of being able to participate in gym, art, and music classes. The half-day students do not get to experience gym, art, or music class. I have seen results first hand because I chose to put my son in a full day kindergarten versus the half-day. I chose to bring my son to a school that is located in Fridley so that he could receive the benefits of the full day kindergarten. The half-day program that Blaine offers has a very undesirable schedule for parents who work. The half-day schedule for Blaine elementary school is full days Mondays, Wednesdays, and every other Friday. I think that the earlier the educational intervention begins the higher the impact and the more likely the effects will be retained. Other than the health of a child, I think that nothing should be more important than their education. Giving children the opportunity to be in a full day kindergarten program gives them opportunities that the half-day students do not receive. One of the opportunities is being able to spend more time on reading, writing, and math. The teachers also have more time to sit one on one with each student one or in small groups and work on these skills. They also have a different theme for each month that they focus on. Some examples of the themes are the solar system, U. S. residents, maps, and the celebrations around the world. Children also absorb things more easily when they are younger. Being a mother of a full day kindergarten student, I see the results of the extra reading, writing, and math that the teacher does with him. My son is one of the youngest in his class and he is reading at a first grade level. As for his writing, he attempt to write big words using phonics. For example, I came home one day a few months ago and he had written on his dry erase board Ã¢â‚¬Å"I see a red ladebugÃ¢â‚¬ . He also brought home a worksheet that he had written about his favorite fruits. On this worksheet, he had written Ã¢â‚¬Å"watrmlonÃ¢â‚¬ . As far as his math goes, he is always measuring things in the house with a kidÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s yard ruler. The themes that they work on each month give the students the ability to know what is going on in the world around them. My son came home from school one day and told me that there was a planet that was not considered a planet anymore. I did not know this and I was in complete awe. According to Debra Ackerman, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Children in full day kindergarten programs score higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs. Full-day kindergarten advocates suggest that a longer school day provides educational support that ensures a productive beginning school experience and increases the chances of future school success. In both full-day and half-day programs, kindergartners spend most of their class time working on reading, language arts, and math activities, but the total number of minutes teachers devote to specific subjects differs. For example, 80 percent of full day but only about 50 percent of half-day programs devote more than 30 minutes each day to mathematics instruction. Sixty-eight percent of full day but only 37 percent of half-day classrooms dedicate at least 60 minutes to reading instruction each day. Perhaps most striking, 79 percent of full-day teachers read aloud to their students every day, compared to 62 percent of half-day teachers. Reading aloud is a critical activity in helping to develop childrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s reading skills. Additional research shows childrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s literacy learning is enhanced in full-day programs, as the full-day schedule provides a more intensive, ongoing, enriched language and literacy experience for the young child. (Ackerman) Children in full day kindergarten programs score higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs. I asked my sonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s kindergarten teacher, Ms. Janssen, what the average for reading was for her class. Ms. Janssen stated that the majority of her students are already in the first grade reading level as of the end of the second trimester. As said by the Indiana Association of Public School Super Intendants, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Full day kindergarten programs are associated with greater reading achievement gains during the kindergarten year than half day programsÃ¢â‚¬ . Plucker, 6) The students are graded on their writing and math abilities as well. According to the Kalamazoo Public Schools reports, Ã¢â‚¬Å"The group of kindergartners advanced in 2010 to first grade at Kalamazoo Public School, where 60 percent tested at or above the 50th percentile in reading on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills last April. ThatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s a 7-point increase compared to Kalamazoo Public School first-graders tested in April 2009, Rice said. On the Iowa Test Basic Skills math test, 52 percent of first-graders tested a t or above the 50th percentile last spring, a 12-point jump over spring 2009. The Iowa Test of Basic Skills are administered in schools nationwide and is a norm-referenced test, which means scores are based on how students perform compared to other test-takers. The Kalamazoo Public School results show that 60 percent of Kalamazoo students are in the top half of first-graders nationwide in reading and 52 percent are in the top half in math. Ã¢â‚¬ (Mack) Children who are in full day kindergarten have better social and behavioral effects than those who are in half-day kindergarten. When children are in school for the full day they have more time to get to know the other students. They get more time to interact together socially and they are learning while they are interacting. The students also get to go to specialists and they go with their classmates. Some of the specialists that Hayes Elementary offers are music, art, Spanish, and gym. Going to the specialist is something that the full day kindergarteners get to do and the half-day kindergarteners do not get to do. These students also get to spend more time with the teacher. This means that they will be less hesitant to approach their teacher. According to Clark, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Some researchers have examined social and behavioral effects. According to researchers, a clear relationship emerged between the kindergarten schedule and childrens behavior. Teachers rated children in all-day kindergarten programs higher on 9 of the 14 dimensions; there were no significant differences on the other 5 dimensions. Other researchers who have studied social and behavioral outcomes found that children in all-day kindergarten programs were engaged in more child-to-child interactions and they made significantly greater progress in learning social skillsÃ¢â‚¬ . Clark) In the kindergarten classrooms of Hayes Elementary, the students get into groups called centers. During this center time, the teacher takes a group of five students to a table to do independent reading and the rest of the students go to a center. The centers are groups of three or four students and the students get to interact socially while doing something educational. Some examples of the centers are writing center, listening center, leapster center, and art center. The writing center is where the students can write freely. The listening center is where the students put on headphones, listen to directions, and write down what they hear. The leapster center is where the students get to play a handheld learning game that integrates math, reading, and spelling in the games. Finally, the art center is where the students get to draw and color what they want. When the time is up the students clean up as groups. A full day of learning offers many social and emotional benefits to kindergarteners. As stated by NEA, Ã¢â‚¬Å"They have more time to focus and reflect on activities, and they have more time to transition between activities. When children are taught by qualified teachers, using age-appropriate curricula in small classes they can take full advantage of the additional learning timeÃ¢â‚¬â€social, emotional, and intellectualÃ¢â‚¬â€ that a full day allows. Further, research finds that children adjust well to the full-day format. Ã¢â‚¬ (NEA) The full day kindergarten teachers plan and use the extra time in class well. The time in class is spent differently in both the full day kindergarten and the half-day kindergarten. According to the research that the Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents, Ã¢â‚¬Å"The research provides evidence that time in full day kindergarten programs is different both quantitatively and qualitatively from how time is used in half day programsÃ¢â‚¬ (Plucker, ii). Full day kindergarten offers benefits to teachers. Teachers prefer the full day program to the half-day program. If there is a child that is struggling with something, the teacher has the ability to find time to help that student. There is also more time to finish activities. According to Ms. Janssen, Ã¢â‚¬Å"With the full day program I am able to get through four reading groups versus two reading groups in one day. With the full day program we are able to go more in depth on our unit that we focus on in class. Ã¢â‚¬ (Janssen) According to the NEA, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Switching to full-day kindergarten gave teachers more time to plan the curriculum, incorporate a greater number of thematic units into the school year, and offer more in-depth coverage of each unit. (NEA) In the half-day programs there is less time for multiple activities. According to Dr. Martinez, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Many kindergarten teachers favor full day kindergarten because they find it difficult to balance cognitive activities and affective social activities in the short kindergarten day. Ã¢â‚¬ (Martinez, 2) Teachers also prefer full day kindergarten because there is more instructional time than that of a half-day kindergarten program. As stated by the Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents, Ã¢â‚¬Å" Across all of the schools in the Indiana sample, the proportion of instructional time is similar across program types, resulting in much greater instructional time in full day programs, representing approximately 40-50% more instruction in full day programs than half-day programsÃ¢â‚¬ . (Plucker, ii) Teachers also have the benefit of getting to know the students and their parents better. According to Dr. Martinez, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Teachers state that they have a chance to know children and parents better, to do more individualization of instruction, and to expand the curriculum horizontally. (Dr. Martinez) There are so many benefits for the children. A very important benefit is that the full day kindergarteners have the opportunity to an easier transition into the first grade because they are already used to the full day schedule. The time that the students get to spend with the teacher is a great benefit as well. The extra time that is spent with the teacher is as much beneficial for the teacher as it is for the students. According to the research from Dr. Martinez, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Teachers thought children developed closer relationships and were more relaxed in the full-day program and felt more a part of the school. Teachers indicated they were able to give more individual attention to students and that children had more time to develop both academic and socialization skills. Teachers noted they could work more on the continuing development of each child and felt children showed more advancement. Teachers indicated they felt closer to the children and that they got to know both child and family better. Some indicated in the full day they felt more flexible, were more relaxed and spontaneous, and felt better prepared to meet with parents. Ã¢â‚¬ (Dr. Martinez, 6) The time that the students get to spend on activities is another great benefit. According to NEA, Ã¢â‚¬Å"in a study evaluating teachersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ views on full-day kindergarten, teachers reported a number of benefits for themselves as well as children and parents. Participating in full day eased the transition to first grade, helping children adapt to the demand of a six-hour day. Having more time available in the school day offered more flexibility and more time to do activities during free choice times. Having more time actually made the kindergarten program less stressful and frustrating for children because they had time to fully develop an interest in activities. Participating in he full-day schedule allows more appropriate academic challenges for children at all developmental levels. Children with developmental delays or those at risk for school problems benefited from having more time to complete projects and more time for needed socialization with peers and teachers. Ã¢â‚¬ (NEA) Full day kindergarten offers more benefits to the students that are at risk and children that come from educational and economical disadvantaged homes. If the full day kindergarten programs cost money, as most do, they cost around 3000 dollars per child for the year. The 3000 dollars is charged to the parents of the child. The children that come from the educationally and economically disadvantaged homes would not be able to attend because of the cost. These children are the ones that benefit from the program the most. According to the Indiana Superintendents, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Students at or below the poverty level enrolled in full day kindergarten scored statistically significantly higher in math and reading than their half day counterparts. Poor children enrolled in full day kindergarten programs tested statistically significantly above half day pupils on reading, spatial, and verbal skills, naming colors and letters, and identifying numerals. (Plucker, 6) Parents prefer full day kindergarten as well. I as a mother prefer the full day kindergarten program to the half-day program. One of the advantages is that I do not have to figure out childcare and who would bring my son to the childcare. Trying to figure out childcare and school between my job schedule would be undesirable. As said by Dr. Martinez, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Full-day kindergarten saves parents day-care problems, while providing children a comprehensive, developmentally-appropriate program. Parents said that children often feel more stress when they have to go from a school situation to a day-care environment, where different rules and philosophies apply. Therefore, parents favor a full-day program, which reduces the number of transitions kindergartners experience in a typical day. Ã¢â‚¬ (Dr. Martinez) Full day kindergarten also takes a huge cost out of many parentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ monthly budget including mine. Even though some people would be against this and say, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why would I have to pay for your childcare? Ã¢â‚¬ I would say that many parents including myself pay taxes too. Their parents wanted them to have the best education that they could have gotten. Most importantly, I know that my son and many other children are getting the best out of their day while they are in school. They are having fun while they are learning. My son enjoys being in school. If he had a choice, he would go on Saturdays and Sundays. Children attending full day kindergarten spend the day learning instead of watching television or playing video games. Full-day kindergarten provides parents with better support for their children. According to NEA, Ã¢â‚¬Å"For parents who work outside the home, full-day kindergarten means that children do not have to be shuffled between home, school, and childcare. For all parents, there is more continuity and less disruption in the childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s day and more time for focused and independent learning. One study of parent attitudes found that after the second year of a full-day kindergarten program, 100 percent of full-day parents, and 72 percent of half-day parents noted that, if given the opportunity again, they would have chosen full-day kindergarten for their childÃ¢â‚¬ . (NEA) In conclusion, having full day kindergarten should be mandatory. There are many benefits of the full day kindergarten program. The benefits are not limited to the students. Teachers and parents also get great benefits out of the full day program. According to MaryBeth, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Research has shown that it is important to begin learning early in life. School systems that have implemented the academically based full day kindergarten are finding it to be successful. If I had to choose again if a child of mine was going to go to full day or half-day kindergarten, I would not even have to think twice. A childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s education should be one of the most important things to think about. These children will be the future and they need a great education to get there.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

AIDS/HIV Victims Should be Treated With More Respect and Dignity :: essays research papers

Aids Victims Should be Treated With More Respect and Dignity What would you do if someone you love gets infected with HIV? Would you still treat them the same way as before? This kind of question might not come into your mind but in fact, it can happen to anyone. The rate of people who gets infected with HIV is increasing rapidly in our society (Cite). People who are HIV positive have to struggle with their life, living by the day. They are faced with many problems such as scarcity of expensive medicine, dealing with emotional conflict and especially, discrimination. People often treat AIDS victims as if they have no feelings or emotions like other people. We should all support and encourage them to be strong because they are the ones who need it the most. They have already contracted the deadly disease and by discrimination, we will make them feel even worse. Imagine people staring at you like you are some kind of a stranger. I know exactly how it feels like because when I first came to Thailand, people looked at me as if something was wrong with me. One AIDS victim told me that before she was infected with HIV, she had a lot of friends. After she found out she was infected, all her friends slowly abandoned her. None of her friends were supportive or knew the true meaning of friendship. She had said to me, Ã¢â‚¬Å"AIDS took away all the friends and people I cared for.Ã¢â‚¬ Whenever she got close to someone, they would keep a distance from her. They were hostile towards her and treated her like she was something worthless and had no feelings. Put yourself in the shoes of an AIDS victim and you might understand how it feels to be one of them. I would say that AIDS victims are discriminated against and not treated with the respect they deserve. Aids victims should be treated with more respect in public places and accommodations. Many AIDS victims are being treated unequally in places such as the workplace, schools, restaurants, or public facilities. For example, schools do not accept anyone that is HIV positive. They are afraid of putting other students at risk. Also, if certain parents know that there is a student in school who has AIDS, they might protest against the school and might take their children out of the school.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Globalization and Global Warming

Memorandum This memo serves as an informative and analytical document discussing globalizations largest threat Ã¢â‚¬â€œ global warming. I will address the following issues: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ What is global warming and how is it being caused? Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Who is contributing to its advancement? Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The threats and consequences of global warming Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Recommendations we can do to slow global warming Global Warming and ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Cause Global warming could have started as early as the 1860Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s due to the Industrial Revolution that began after the Civil War. This was a time of invention and creation; where man made machine and machine changed society.Not only did the machine change society, but it also changed the atmospheric gases Ã¢â‚¬â€œ more specifically, greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases consist of carbon dioxide Ã¢â‚¬â€œ known to cause the greatest amount of global warming Ã¢â‚¬â€œ methane gas, ozone, and nitrous oxide. These four greenhouse gases act as a blanket over the surface of the earth. As the sun hits the earthÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s surface, the heat is reflected back towards the sun. The heat is then contained by the greenhouse gas blanket and warms the earth. Without this blanket, we would live in a very cold world.This atmospheric balance the earth provides is currently being tested by man. What happens when we expel our own greenhouse gases? The Ã¢â‚¬ËœblanketÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ thickens and it traps in more heat. This extra heat upon the earthÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s surface is known as global warming. Therefore, global warming can be defined as the effect that increased greenhouse gases have on the earthÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s atmosphere. The increase of greenhouse gases are the result of two economical factors: the burning of fossil fuels for energy, and deforestation for industrialization. The first factor contributes to the majority of the xpelled greenhouse gases Ã¢â‚¬â€œ that is: The Burning of Fossil Fuels As globalization spreads and increases industry, it also increases the deposit of pollu ting gases into the atmosphere. One such gas is carbon dioxide. The release of CO2 is more specifically caused from the burning of oil, coal, and gas. These three natural fuels, which are used in manufacturing and industrial growth, have constituted roughly 75% of human generated CO2 emissions expelled into the atmosphere during the past 20 years (IPCC WGI). Here is a graph supporting the increases of CO2:Indicators of the human influence on the atmosphere during the Industrial era [pic] (IPCC Chart 1) As you can see, this graph stops in the year 2000. Assuming there was an energy increase in the past 6 years by rapidly developing nations such as China and India, along with developed nations consistent energy use, we can also assume the CO2 concentration has continued its vertical climb. Deforestation The destruction or clearing (as some companies might put it) of the worldsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ forests are due in most part to agricultural needs and industrialization.Why scientistists agree that this practice is detrimental to the enviroment can be summed up in two ways: 1. trees act like sponges that suck in carbon dioxide and convert it to oxygen 2. when trees are burned, they release the stored carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, adding to the pollution Hence, the more trees that are burned, the less carbon dioxide gets harbored. According to Greenpeace, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thirty percent of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere over the past 150 years is thought to come from deforestation, but this is a small amount compared to what is still stored in forests.The Canadian and Russian boreal forests alone hold 40 percent of the world's carbon stocksÃ¢â‚¬ (Greenpeace Science). In other areas of the world, carbon stocks are not being contained, but continually released through deforestation. Global Forest Watch, an independent oprganization that provides current information on forest development stated: Ã¢â‚¬Å"In 2002, about 47% of the Brazilian Amazon was under some type of human pressure; recent estimates comparing this figure with new data from 2005 show that human pressure has increased by 7%Ã¢â‚¬ (Global forest watch).Not only are we losing the possibility of finding rare tropical plants that could be converted into pharmaceuticals, but we are also destroying indigenous communities that dot the Amazon rainforest. It is understandable that deforestation is need for civilization, but there are ways we can curb its destruction and preserve the rainforests. Contributors of Global Warming If your means of transportation today did not consist of walking or riding a bike, chances are, you contributed to the burning of fossil fuels. Americans would not be able to survive without the use of fossil fuels.We produce them in our cars, our homes, and even in our waste. The bottom line is: fossil fuels create energy, and we need energy. So, it is not surprising that Americans are responsible for 25% of the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere, desp ite having only 5% of the worldÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s population. (Stix 47) This makes America the largest polluter in the world. It is evident that when a country becomes a world leader through Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the focus becomes business. The need for business profits by corporations apitalizing on industry have an impact on the environment. Unfortunately, many industries do not take into consideration the effects their business has on the environment. Below is a chart comparing three countries Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the United States, Former Soviet Union, and Japan Ã¢â‚¬â€œ and their CO2 emissions: [pic] (IPCC Chart 2) In 2005 according to the CIA World Factbook, these same three countries had GDPÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s of $12. 3 trillion, $4 trillion, and $1. 6 trillion respectively (GDP). While the U. S. has nearly doubled itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s GDP, you can bet as a developed nation, it has also increased it CO2 emissions.But, developed countries like the United States and Japan canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t be blamed for emitting a ll the CO2 into the atmosphere due to their industrialization. We must also look at developing countries such as China and Brazil who, while aspiring to increase their standard of living, are also increasing their energy use. As these nations develop and increase their industrialization, they inturn release substantial amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. With the ever-increasing CO2 emissions and deforestation, what does it mean for the stability of our enviroment? The Threats and Consequences of Global Warming?The aforementioned greenhouse gas emissions and the deforestation process have been contributing to the global warming crisis. The most recent supporting evidence was reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control (IPCC) in 2001. Established in 1988 due to climate change curiosity, the IPCC is composed of over 2,000 scientists and is regarded as the foremost authority on climate change by the United Nations (Wikipedia IPCC). They concluded, through a 2600 page com prehensive analysis of scientific research, that global warming is in fact caused by CO2 emissions and eforestation. According to the IPCC, the two primary factors of global warming are temperature and sea level. Using the latest research and the current trends in global warming, the IPCC predictions through the end of the 21st century are as follows (IPCC SPM): Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ A rise of global temperatures from 2. 5Ã‚ ° to 10. 4Ã‚ ° F Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ A rise of Sea levels from 4Ã¢â‚¬ ³ to 3Ã¢â‚¬ ² Rising of Global Temperature The effects of this variable are quite profound. Scientists predict it could increase the frequency and magnitude of hurricanes; similar to what happened on the U. S. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Gulf Coast in the fall of 2005.They predict it could also do the same to El Nino; which is felt on the west coast Ã¢â‚¬â€œ especially in Southern California. Southern CaliforniaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s fire season begins towards the end of summer, due to the dry climate. In the fall of 2002, San Diego felt the effects of an out-of-control fire. What started as human error, continued for weeks, as brush and forest fires tore through San Diego Country. Its duration and strength was assisted by warm El Nino winds. Since El Nino thrives from available heat, you could say global warming is feeding El NinoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s hunger.In 1998 National Geographic had this to say about El Nino: El NinoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s abnormal effects on the main components of climateÃ¢â‚¬â€sunshine, temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, cloud formation and ocean currentsÃ¢â‚¬â€changed weather patterns across the equatorial Pacific and in turn around the globeÃ¢â‚¬ ¦ In the past 98 years there have been 23 El Ninos and 15 La Ninas. Of the centuryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ten most powerful El Ninos, fourÃ¢â‚¬â€the four strongestÃ¢â‚¬â€have occurred since 1980. (Suplee) Considering it is possible global warming energizes the climate event El Nino, it can also melt glaciers.A widespread retreat of non-polar glaciers during the 20th century, and a 10% decrease in world snow cover since the 1960Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s was captured by satellite imagery; the shrinking of snow cover and the retreat of glaciers are not expected to slow down during the 21st century (IPCC SPM). Researchers agree that melting glaciers coupled with melting ice sheets, like those covering Antarctica and Greenland, will become significant factors in causing the sea levels to rise. Rising Sea Levels Rising sea levels could devastate coastal tourism spots. This may become a very costly problem for coastal cities.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated a one foot rise along the eastern seaboard by 2050. According to researchers, if this rise were to occur on the west coast, which is more likely than not, California would lose 2-4 feet of beach due to erosion. [pic] (IPCC Chart 3) The EPA also had this to say about rising sea levels: Rising sea level inundates wetlands and other low-lying lands, erodes beaches, intensifies flooding, a nd increases the salinity of rivers, bays, and groundwater tables. Some of these effects may be further compounded by other effects of changing climate.Measures that people take to protect private property from rising sea level may have adverse effects on the environment and on public uses of beaches and waterways. (EPA) Even though the damage to the U. S. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s coastline would be expensive, planet earth has over 4 billion people outside the U. S. that live on a coastal plain. (Greenpeace Going) Rising sea levels could completely demolish low-lying coastal cities around the world: New York, Miami, Tokyo, San Diego, and London are a few such cities that could experience rising sea levels first-hand.Poor, undeveloped countries that lack technology, would be the ones to lose entire populations from a force that is beyond their control. What can we do to stop this rising tide? Recommendations to Slow Global Warming Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Adhere to the Kyoto Protocol Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Increase forestation Ky oto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol, which began in 1997, has developed an international treaty to cut greenhouse gas emissions. The overall goal is for countries to lower these emissions to 1990 levels by 2008. For the policies to take effect, 55 countries that accounted for at least 55% of the greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 must ratify the protocol.The founders of the Kyoto Protocol Ã¢â‚¬â€œ United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), require countries that have ratified the protocol to: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Enhance energy efficiency methods on the countries largest polluters Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Tax economic sectors that are the countries largest polluters Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Research, develop, and implement new forms of energy Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Promote forestation (UNFCCC) Only a few countries have said Ã¢â‚¬Å"noÃ¢â‚¬ to this protocol. Unfortunately, the United States is one of those countries. As a world leader, we should ratify the Kyoto Protocol and enforce its requirements on our industry.Our governmen t could give tax cuts for companies utilizing new technology with a low-carbon output. This technology could be in the form of: hydro-electric, wind, or solar power. We could also enforce strict pollution policies to regulate and limit what can be released into the environment. Other enforcements could be directed at absorbing the CO2 in the atmosphere through forestation. Increase Forestation Forests act as sponges to suck up, or decrease, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Curtailing the lumber and logging industry in the U. S. is a first step towards increasing forestation.This is especially true of the industries in and around the Amazon. Because rainforests are denser than ordinary forests, they absorb much more carbon dioxide. Plus, the rainforests trap in precipitation to prevent flooding, and preserve bio-diversity and indigenous cultures. Another, more realistic approach is to plant trees and re-grow the forests. One example of this approach is happening in China. Due to deforestation, the Chinese government requires those between the ages of 11 and 60 to plant up to 5 trees per year; they claim to have planted 1 billion trees in the past 20 years. (Wikipedia Deforestation)Conclusion Global warming affects everyone; it has no boundaries. It is not intended to directly harm other cultures and peoples, but it inadvertently does through continually disregard for the environment. This disregard happens when nations become industrialized: more specifically Ã¢â‚¬â€œ from burning fossil fuels and the deforestation process. But, we do have the power of choice. The citizens of the United States should step forward and assume responsibility. It is our duty to contribute to the reduction of global warming by regulating our CO2 emissions, and even becoming aware of our paper consumption.With the assist of other developed nations, we should be implementing energy-efficient technologies and practices to deter our current pollution. These technologies might come at a high price. But, in the long run, it could reduce the costs and damages associated with the foreseeable climate change. Works Cited CIA World Factbook. Ã¢â‚¬Å"List of countries by GDP (PPP). Ã¢â‚¬ Wikipedia. 2006. 18 Sept. 2006 EPA. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Coastal Zones. Ã¢â‚¬ Environmental Protection Agency. Jan. 2000. 15 Sept. 2006 Greenpeace. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Going, Going, Gone?. Ã¢â‚¬ Greenpeace.July 2005. 13 Sept. 2006 Greenpeace. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Science. Ã¢â‚¬ Greenpeace. 2006. 14 Sept. 2006 Global Forest Watch. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Human Pressure on the Brazilian Amazon Forests. Ã¢â‚¬ 2006. Global Forest Watch. 17 Sept. 2006 IPCC. Chart 1. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Indicators of the human influence on the atmosphere. Ã¢â‚¬ IPCC. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 IPCC. Chart 2. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Comparison between GDP and CO2 emissions for selected countries. Ã¢â‚¬ Climate Change 2001 Synthesis Report 5-6. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 IPCC. Chart 3. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Third Assessment Report Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Climate Change 2001. Ã¢â‚¬ IPCC. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 IPCC. Climate Ch ange 2001: SPM: The Scientific Basis. Ã¢â‚¬ IPCC. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 IPCC. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis. Ã¢â‚¬ IPCC. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 Stix, Gary. Ã¢â‚¬Å"A climate Repair Manuel. Ã¢â‚¬ Scientific American Sept. 2006: 47. Suplee, Curt. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Unlocking the Climate. Ã¢â‚¬ National Geographic May 1998. 13 Sept. 2006 UNFCCC. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC. Ã¢â‚¬ UNFCCC. 1998. 19 Sept. 2006 Wikipedia. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Deforestation. Ã¢â‚¬ Wikipedia. 2006. 19 Sept. 2006 Wikipedia. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Ã¢â‚¬ Wikipedia. 2006. 12 Sept. 2006